10 Essential practices for literacy instruction in the secondary social studies classroom
- Inquiry-based instruction
- Diverse texts and abundant reading opportunities
- Intentional and standards-aligned instruction in disciplinary reading
- Intentional and standards-aligned instruction in disciplinary writing
- Higher-order discussion of increasingly complex text
- Opportunities for and instruction in speaking and listening
- Intentional efforts to build vocabulary and conceptual knowledge
- Ongoing observation and assessment of students’ language and literacy development that informs their education
- Community networking in support of developing students’ social science knowledge and identities
- Metadiscursive awareness within and across academic and cultural domains (language use at the "meta" level, e.g. talking about talk)